Viewing github.com/django/django-stable-4.1.x/tests/or

```
from datetime import datetime
```
```
from operator import attrgetter
```
```
from django.db.models import Q
```
```
from django.test import TestCase
```
```
from .models import Article
```
```
class OrLookupsTests(TestCase):
```
```
    @classmethod
```
```
    def setUpTestData(cls):
```

        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(

            headline="Hello", pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 27)

```
        ).pk
```

        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(

            headline="Goodbye", pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 28)

```
        ).pk
```

        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(

            headline="Hello and goodbye", pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 29)

```
        ).pk
```
```
    def test_filter_or(self):
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```
```
            (
```

                Article.objects.filter(headline__startswith="Hello")

                | Article.objects.filter(headline__startswith="Goodbye")

```
            ),
```

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(headline__contains="Hello")

            | Article.objects.filter(headline__contains="bye"),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(headline__iexact="Hello")

            | Article.objects.filter(headline__contains="ood"),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello") | Q(headline__startswith="Goodbye")

```
            ),
```

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_stages(self):
```

        # You can shorten this syntax with code like the following,  which is

        # especially useful if building the query in stages:

        articles = Article.objects.all()

```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            articles.filter(headline__startswith="Hello")

            & articles.filter(headline__startswith="Goodbye"),

```
            [],
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            articles.filter(headline__startswith="Hello")

            & articles.filter(headline__contains="bye"),

```
            ["Hello and goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_pk_q(self):
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(pk=self.a1) | Q(pk=self.a2)),

```
            ["Hello", "Goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(pk=self.a1) | Q(pk=self.a2) | Q(pk=self.a3)),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_pk_in(self):
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(pk__in=[self.a1, self.a2, self.a3]),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(pk__in=(self.a1, self.a2, self.a3)),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(pk__in=[self.a1, self.a2, self.a3, 40000]),

            ["Hello", "Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_q_repr(self):
```

        or_expr = Q(baz=Article(headline="Foö"))

        self.assertEqual(repr(or_expr), "<Q: (AND: ('baz', <Article: Foö>))>")

        negated_or = ~Q(baz=Article(headline="Foö"))

        self.assertEqual(repr(negated_or), "<Q: (NOT (AND: ('baz', <Article: Foö>)))>")

```
    def test_q_negated(self):
```
```
        # Q objects can be negated
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(pk=self.a1) | ~Q(pk=self.a2)),

            ["Hello", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(~Q(pk=self.a1) & ~Q(pk=self.a2)),

```
            ["Hello and goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```

        # This allows for more complex queries than filter() and exclude()

```
        # alone would allow
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(pk=self.a1) & (~Q(pk=self.a2) | Q(pk=self.a3))),

```
            ["Hello"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_complex_filter(self):
```

        # The 'complex_filter' method supports framework features such as

        # 'limit_choices_to' which normally take a single dictionary of lookup

        # arguments but need to support arbitrary queries via Q objects too.

```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.complex_filter({"pk": self.a1}),

```
            ["Hello"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.complex_filter(Q(pk=self.a1) | Q(pk=self.a2)),

```
            ["Hello", "Goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_empty_in(self):
```

        # Passing "in" an empty list returns no results ...

        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.filter(pk__in=[]), [])

        # ... but can return results if we OR it with another query.

```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(pk__in=[]) | Q(headline__icontains="goodbye")),

            ["Goodbye", "Hello and goodbye"],

```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_q_and(self):
```
```
        # Q arg objects are ANDed
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello"), Q(headline__contains="bye")

```
            ),
```
```
            ["Hello and goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```

        # Q arg AND order is irrelevant

```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__contains="bye"), headline__startswith="Hello"

```
            ),
```
```
            ["Hello and goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello") & Q(headline__startswith="Goodbye")

```
            ),
```
```
            [],
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_q_exclude(self):
```
```
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
```

            Article.objects.exclude(Q(headline__startswith="Hello")),

```
            ["Goodbye"],
```
```
            attrgetter("headline"),
```
```
        )
```
```
    def test_other_arg_queries(self):
```

        # Try some arg queries with operations other than filter.

```
        self.assertEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.get(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello"), Q(headline__contains="bye")

```
            ).headline,
```
```
            "Hello and goodbye",
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello") | Q(headline__contains="bye")

```
            ).count(),
```
```
            3,
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertSequenceEqual(
```
```
            Article.objects.filter(
```

                Q(headline__startswith="Hello"), Q(headline__contains="bye")

```
            ).values(),
```
```
            [
```
```
                {
```

                    "headline": "Hello and goodbye",

```
                    "id": self.a3,
```

                    "pub_date": datetime(2005, 11, 29),

```
                },
```
```
            ],
```
```
        )
```
```
        self.assertEqual(
```

            Article.objects.filter(Q(headline__startswith="Hello")).in_bulk(

```
                [self.a1, self.a2]
```
```
            ),
```

            {self.a1: Article.objects.get(pk=self.a1)},

```
        )
```